What is sustained attention?

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Sustained attention is the ability to maintain an active level of alertness on a task for an extended period of time, resisting external (noises, notifications, interruptions) and internal (extraneous thoughts, fatigue, boredom) distractions.

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In cognitive psychology, it is clearly distinguished from other forms of attention:

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  • Selective attention: choosing what to focus on among several competing stimuli
  • Shared attention: managing multiple flows of information simultaneously
  • Sustained attention: maintaining an active focus over time on the same task
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    It is sustained attention that is required during a long work session, in-depth reading, an exam or any activity that requires continuous engagement over several tens of minutes.

    The problem of declining alertness

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    The phenomenon of vigilance decrement is one of the most robust findings in experimental psychology: on a monotonous task, performance systematically deteriorates after 20 to 30 minutes. Reaction times increase, error rates climb, and rare signals are missed more often.

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    This phenomenon is linked to two distinct mechanisms. On the one hand, attentional resources are gradually depleted—maintaining a high level of activation is costly. On the other hand, monotony reduces general activation of the brain: wired to react to novelty, it ends up “turning off” when faced with repetitive and predictable stimuli.

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    The good news: This decline is not inevitable. It can be delayed and mitigated by appropriate strategies — and by regular training in alertness.

    The invisible gorilla experiment by Simons and Chabris

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    Famous Experiment — 1999

    Participants watch a video of players passing a ball and have to count the number of passes a team makes. Mid-video, a man dressed as a gorilla walks across the field, stops and starts again. Around 50% of participants do not see the gorilla.